Country Life: Donald Moore on meeting global demand for protein

The global dairy sector risks losing society’s support – social licence – if it doesn’t adopt a ‘global mass’ approach to addressing emissions.

That’s what Donald Moore, from the Chicago-based Global Dairy Platform, told food industry leaders at the recent Riddet Institute Agrifood Summit in Wellington recently.

“From my perspective, we need to be thinking about the global mass balance of greenhouse gases, [as well as] probably water and maybe nutrition.”

He said greenhouse gas emissions weren’t limited by country borders or boundaries, and the industry needed to adopt a “macro level” solution rather than working to solve it at the “individual country” level.

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His Chicago-based company, alongside the Food and Agriculture Organisation, completed a 2020 a study which found that 80 percent of the greenhouse gas emissions from the world’s dairy sector came from emerging or developing markets.

He said that matters when considering transitioning to more sustainable models of farming.

“If we don’t help solve that for emissions coming out of those emerging markets, then ultimately that will damage dairy’s global reputation, and therefore our social licence to operate.”

Moore said countries like New Zealand working to reduce emissions through reduced production would only export the problem somewhere else in the world.

“In a country like New Zealand, you’re running at, I think somewhere just under or around one kilogram of CO2 equivalent per kilogram of milk. In some African countries that we’re working in, they’re running at anywhere from 12 to 14 kgs of CO2 per kg of milk because their yields are so low.”

A key contributor to greenhouse gas emissions in emerging economies was their “low productivity” models and small scale farming, with an average of about 2.9 cows per dairy farm.

“When you think about New Zealand and the scale we have here, the average, I think is about 380, just under 400, cows per farm. Farms in the world with more than 100 cows are less than half of one percent of the farms in the world.”

However, Moore said it was also important to consider the social systems which underpinned the sector.

“There are approximately 133 million dairy farms worldwide and an estimated 80 million women are employed in the dairy sector, the majority in low and middle income countries.

“That matters because livestock ownership often correlates directly with household nutrition security, with education access, with financial inclusion and with women’s economic agency.”

Moore said in countries like New Zealand, co-operative structures – like Fonterra – linked farmers directly to global markets, creating a “shared accountability”.

“Farmers are not just producers … they are stewards of the land, water and rural communities,” he said.

“It means things like soil health decisions made season after season, water management practices adjusted over time, animal welfare maintained daily, and inter-generational land care guided by lived experience.

“When markets demand sustainability improvements, those signals travel directly back to farm level decisions.”